Brooder.



No. 702,310. Patented June l0,- |902.

' .1. L. MACY.

Baboon.

(Application filed July 16, 1901. (No Model.) 2 Shee tsShaet I.

rrEn STATES PATENT OFFI EQ k JETHRO L. MAOY, OF DES 'MOINES, IOl VA.

BROODER.

SPEGIFICATION fQr ming part of Letters Patent N 0. 702,310, dated June 1Q, 1902.

Application filed July 16,1901.

Seria1'1 l'o.68,529. (No model.)

To all 107110 111, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, 'JETHRO L. MAOY, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a' resident of-Des Moines, Polk county, Iowa,

5 have invented a new and useful Brooder, of

which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide improved means for brooding onhousing chicks and young poultry and maintaining the same at the proper degree of Warmth by artificial means.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of elements hereinafter set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective of the complete brooder, the cover being liftedand the door of the lamp-chamber being opened to reveal the interior construction in part. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the brooder. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the brooder on the indicated line a a of Fig. 2. Fig.4: is a detail inverted plan of the radiator employedin The device on a reduced scale In the construction ofthe brooder, as shown,- the numeral designates the bottom, 11 the front wall, 12 the rear Wall, and 13 14 the end walls of a house or casing, the end walls being gabled above the upper edges of the front and rear walls. A partition 15 is'mounted transversely of the brooder casing or house nearer the end wall 14E thantheiendlwall 13,. and an upper floor 16 is mounted horizontally in the brooder or house and extends from end to end thereof across the top of said parti tion. The upper floor 16 is located a little above the upper edges of the front and rear walls of the brooder-casing, and hence is of somewhat less width than the widest portion of the casing. The space between the edge of the floor 16 and the front wall of the casing is closed by a board 17 over the smaller chamber and by a board '18 over the larger chamber, theboard 18' being removable and replaceable by manual force applied to a screw-eye 19 therein. It is the function of the board 18 to provide access to the larger chamber within the brooder-casing'at times. The space between the rear edge of the floor 16 and the rear wall 12 of the casing is closed by a roof member 20. The roof member 20 way of either door 21 25.

' isformed of a wooden frame fixed to the end walls, rear walls, andupper floor of the casing and overlaid by a sheet 20 of iron or other sheet metal, and said roof member overlaps the ends and rear wall of the casing and projects therefrom. A door 21 is hinged to and arranged to swing outwardly and upwardly from -the frontwallj 11 of 'the casing, and a panel22 of glass is mounted inthecentral portion of said door. Small openings are formed in the door 21 at either end of the glass paneland normally closed by slides 23 24. A door-25, provided with a panel 26 of glass, is mounted in the rear wall 12 of the brooder and arranged to swing outwardly and upwardly therefrom. It is the function of the doors 2125 to provide access to the larger chamber within thebrooder. Cleats 27 28 are mounted on the floor 10 'of the brood er, adjacent to and parallel with the end wall 13an'd partition 15, and a subfioor 29 is mounted loosely on said cleats and may be withdrawna nd replaced through the door- The floor 29 forms a'bed or resting-place for the chicks within the brooder andreceives'and retains all of the droppings of the chicks.

l A radiator is mounted Within the larger chamber of the brooder-casing and comprises side bars 30 31 and bars 32 33, fixed thereto, and a sheet-metal plate 34, fixed to the upper edges ofsaid bars." The radiator is mounted withrthe plate 34 beneath and parallel with the upper floor 16 of the brooder and spaced apart therefrom, andthe space between said plate and said fioor is filled by plates 35 36, spaced apart and separated by mineral wool 3'7 or other packing material. The plates 35,

36, and 34 are rigidly connected and fixed to the floor 16 for support and the hovers 38, of fabric cut in strips, arefixed to the lower edges of the bars 30 31 32 '33of the radiator and depend therefrom to the upper surface of the subfloor 29. A slide-bearing *39 is formed in the central portion of the bar 30 and projects outwardly therefrom, and a thermometer 4:0 is mounted in said bearing and projects through an aperture in registration therewith in the fioor 16, the lower ends of the thermometer extending within the space inclosed by the hovers.

Ventilators 41 42, formed of open -cnded 'brooder.

pipes, are mounted in the left end of the b'rooder and extend from a plane immediately above the subfloor 29 through the upper floor 16 and open into the chamber beneath the roof of the casing. Air-vents 46 are formed in the upper portions of the gabled ends of the end walls 13 14 of the brooder-casing.

A lamp 47 is mounted loosely on the floor 10 and within the smaller chamber (hereinafter designated the lamp-chamber) of the brooder-casing. The chimney of the lamp 47 extends within a frustum-shaped flue 48, projecting upwardly through the upper door 16. A heat-pipe 49 leads laterally from the flue 48 through the partition 15 and end bar 33 of the radiator. The pipe 49 extends along and Within the front portion of the radiator nearly to the opposite end thereof, is bent laterally and extends along and within one end of the radiator nearly to the rear thereof, and then is bent laterally and eX- tends along" and Within the rear portion of the radiator nearly to the bar 33, at which point it is bent upwardly and extended through the plate 34 of the radiator and through the plates 36 35, mineral wool 37, and upper floor 16, opening into the space above said floor and beneath the roof of the The heat-pipe 49 is imperforate except at its ends and forms a conduit for hot air and gases from the lamp to the upper chamber of the brooder.

Ears 50 51 are mounted on the upper surface of the upper floor 16 of the brooder, and a damper-lever 52 is fulcrumed thereon and provided with a poise 53 on its rear end portion. A gooseneck 54 is formed on the forward end portion of the damper-lever 52, and a damper 55 is suspended on the extremity of said gooseneck in the vertical plane of the upper end of the flue 48. A thermostatic cell 56 is mounted on a bracket 57, fixed to and depending from the bar 31 of the radiator, said cell being parallel with and below the central portion of the radiator-plate 34. An actuating-rod 58 rests on the central portion of the thermostatic cell 56 and extends upwardly therefrom through a hole 59 in the plate 34 and through coinciding holes in the plates 35 36, the packing 37, and the floor 16. The upper end portion of the actuating-rod 58 is received by the tubular end of an adj usting-screw 60, vertically mounted in the damper-lever 52, adjacent the fulcrum thereof. I make no claim in this connection to the thermostatic cell, the damper-lever, adjusting-screw, nor damper, as they are old in the art of incubators. An air-flue 61, also frustum-shaped, is mounted outside of and concentric with the flue 48 and is spaced a art therefrom. The upper end of the flue 6 is sealed to the upper end portion of the fine 48. A ventilating-pipe 62 leads laterally from and communicates with the flue 61, and is mounted around and concentric with the pipe 49 and spaced apart therefrom. The ventilating-pipe 62 extends through the partition 15 and end bar 33 of the radiator, and extends along the pipe 48 past the center of the radiator. The inner end of the ventilatingpipe 62 is open within the radiator, and air vents 63 are formed in said pipe near and opening inward below the plate 34. It is the function of the flue 61 and ventilating-pipe 62 to receive air near the lamp 47 and lead the same, under the heatinginfluence of radiation from the flue 48 and pipe 49, into the brooder-chamber, the ventilating-pipes 41 42 leading the foul air from the brooder-chamber into the upper chamber, whence it escapes through the vents 45 46. r

The front half of the roof of the breedercasing is formed of a ridge-board 64 and a frame 65, hinged to the ridge-board and covered bya sheet 66 of iron or other metal. The frame 65 and its covering-sheet 66 are arranged to swing upwardly through an arc, and provide access to the upper chamber of the brooder-casing. When the frame 65 is down, it rests on the front sloping edges of the end walls 13 14 and along the upper edge of the front wall 11 and the upper surface of the boards 17 18.

In practical use the chicks are housed in the space inclosed by the hovers beneath the radiator and rest on the subfioor 29. The chicks may escape through the doorways closed by either of the doors 21 25 or through either of the holes in said doors governed by the slides 23 24. The subfloor 29 may be withdrawnforcleaningordrying. Thespace beneath the radiator is warmed thoroughly and to the desired temperature by radiation from the pipe 49 and circulation through the pipe 62. The radiation from the pipe 49 is governed by the passage of gas and heated air through said pipe under the control of the damper 55, which damper is raised and lowered by the lever 52, actuated by the thermostatic cell 56 through the rod 58. The adjusting-screw 60 may be set in such a manner that the lever will be raised at any predetermined degree of temperature afiecting the thermostatic cell, and the temperature existing at any time in the space occupied by the chicks may be ascertained by raising the thermometer through its slide-bearing into the upper chamber and reading the indications thereon.

The gabled ends of the walls 13 14 and the roof or cover may be omitted when it is desired to employ the broader indoors, a closure similar to the boards 17 18 being provided for the space at the rear of the floor 16.

It will be observed that the radiator is of less length and width than the chick-chamber and is located centrally, thus forming a hallway and passage between the walls of the chick-chamber and the hovers 38. The air in this passage or hallway is of somewhat lower temperature than the air within the spaceinclosed by the hovers,and may be utilized as a play-room, exercise-room, or feeding-room by the chicks preferring such temperature to the temperature of the inner space. By extending the air-pipe 49 around three sides of the radiator provision is made for equalizing the temperature at all points beneath the radiator, thus avoiding the crowding and piling of chicks in any one place. Such crowding and piling of the chicks ordinarily is occasioned by inequali= ties of temperature; but Where the temperature is equalized the chicks scatter throughout the room alone or in small groups under conditions avoiding suffocation.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In a breeder, the radiator open at its bottom and formed with side and end bars and a top plate fixed thereto, said top plate con sisting of plates spaced apart and packed with mineral wool, a slide-bearing for a thermometer on one of the side bars of said radiator, the thermometer extending through an opening in the roof of the chick-chamber, a fine leading from a lamp, a damper controlling said flue, an air-pipe 49 leading laterally from said flue within and along three sides of the radiator andout through the top plate thereof, a flue surrounding the first fine and spaced apart therefrom and a ventilating-pipe 62, leading laterally from the outer flue concentric with the air-pipe and extending part way across the radiator and terminating with an open end within the radiator.

2. In a brooder, the radiator open at its bottom throughout its length and Width and formed of side and end bars and a top plate fixed thereto, a slide-bearing for a thermometer on one of the side bars of said radiator, the thermometer extending through an opening in the roof of the chick-chamber, a flue leading from a lamp, a damper controlling said flue, an air-pipe leading laterally from the fine within and along three sides of the radiator and out through the top plate thereof, a flue surrounding the first flue and spaced apart therefrom and a ventilating-pipe leading laterally from the outer flue concentric with the air-pipe and extending part way across the radiator and terminating with an open end within the radiator, said ventilating-pipe being formed with vents opening laterally toward the center of the radiator immediately beneath the top plate thereof, and hovers fixed to and depending from the sides of the radiator.

3. In a brooder, the chick-chamber, the radiator therein, flanges depending from said radiator, the slide bearing on one of said flanges, an opening in the top of the chickchamber and the thermometer mounted for vertical movement in said slide-bearing and opening in said chick-chamber.

4. In a brood er, the combination of a chickchamber, a radiator therein, hovers depending from said radiator, a slide-bearing for a thermometer on said radiator, a lamp-chamber containing a lamp, and a thermostaticcontrolled heatconductor connecting said lamp-chamber with said chick-chamber and the radiator therein.

5. In a brooder, the combination of three compartments, one a chick-chamber, another a lamp -chamber, and the third an upper chamber, doors opening into each compartment and from the upper compartment to the chick-chamber, a radiator and depending hovers in the chick-chamber, a thermometer mounted in a slide-bearing on said radiator and extending through the roof of the chickchamberinto the upper chamber, ventilatingpipes connecting the chick-chamber and the upper chamber, a lamp in the lamp-chamber, a heat-conductor starting in the lamp-chamber traversing the chick-chamber and ending in the upper chamber, and a damper in the upper chamber to control the heat regulated by a thermostatic cell in the chick-chamber.

Signed by me at Des Moines, Iowa, this 12th day of July, 1901.

JE'II-IRO L. MACY. Witnesses:

S. 0. SWEET, N. W. WINTERS. 

